Date you retrieved the information from the website in order to include it to your own document (month, day and year) and address of the website in this format. Date you retrieved the information from the website in order to include it to your own document (month, day and year) and address of the website in this format:įrom websites where the name of the author(s) is (are) clearly identified:įamily name and first name of the author(s). įrom websites that do not indicate the name of the author(s): Defining a web based learning environment. Date you retrieved the information from the website in order to include it to your own document (month, day and year note that this is not required information) and address of the website. I propose two popular formats you could use in order to respect a proper format: the APA and MLA styles.įamily name and first name of the author(s) (year of publication.) Title of the article or of the Internet website (in italic letters). When you must include electronic references from Internet websites, you can use several formats. Same explanation as for footnote 5, but I used loc.cit. If many different Bogdan books were previously included as a footnote or endnote, I would have to indicate the name of the book to avoid any confusion: Bogdan, Histoire des pays de l'Est, p. I also must state the page number to which it refers. (it is a book), because Bogdan was already cited as a footnote or an endnote but not directly in the previous note (footnote 4). In this case, the reference is identical to the previous one (footnote 3): same article, same page (p.66).įor this fifth reference, I use op.cit.
This "Ibid." makes reference to page 66 of Finley's article, "The Silent Women of Rome". Loc.cit.: when an article reference has previously been stated as a footnote or an endnote, but not directly before Op.cit.: when a book reference has previously been stated as a footnote or an endnote, but not directly before Idem.: whenever an identical reference to the previous footnote is used (the page number must also be the same). Ibid.: whenever an identical reference to the previous footnote is used the page number can be the same or can be different (in which case, you would indicate the different page number)
HOW TO CONVERT ENDNOTES TO FOOTNOTES OPEN OFFICE FULL
Now, when the reference is repetitive, we can use some predefined terms in order to avoid repeating the full reference over and over again: Afterward, we indicate the volume number and/or the date when the article was first published (year, month and day, if it applies), the city where it was published, the name of the publisher and, lastly, we include the page(s) to which the reference is related. We also must indicate the prefix "in" before the name of the latter. 64.Īs you can see, the title of the article must appear between quote marks, followed by the name of the journal or review in italics. Finley, "The Silent Women of Rome", in Horizon, no 7 (1965), Tuscaloosa, Horizon Publishers, p. If it is an article, the format is different.Ģ- M.I. When the reference is about a page in particular, you shall include "p." but if it regards several pages, you shall indicate "pp.". After the title, we must indicate the city where the book was published, the name of the editor, the year it was published and, finally, the page number(s). Keep in mind that the name of the author is fully included (first name, then the family name) and that the title is written in italics some university departments will underline the title instead of putting it in italics. The reference in regard to this first footnote must be fully written, with the exact source:ġ- Henry Bogdan, La question royale en Hongrie au lendemain de la Première Guerre mondiale, Louvain : Institut de recherches de l'Europe centrale, 1979, p. This being said, keep in mind that it is better not to include more than one reference per footnote or endnote and that each note is unique, the next one necessarily being an increased number or letter.
Some of you may want to use roman numbers while others will prefer letters, notably. The notes are in numerical or alphabetical order, but can be of various types as well. For instance, in Microsoft Word 2003, the user has to click on the "Insert" option of the menu, then on "Reference" and, finally, on "Footnote".Įxample 1: Microsoft Word 2003 (French version)Įxample 2: Microsoft Word 2007 (English version)Įxample 3: Open Office 3 Writer (English version) Most word processors allow their users to quickly include footnotes or endnotes to their documents. Thus, the format illustrated in this page regards, more particularly, a proper methodology for history papers (theses, essays, synopses, etc.). The criteria can change from one field of study to another. In order to include a footnote or an endnote, we must respect predefined criteria.
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